A proposed unified framework for biological invasions

A unified framework for biological invasions that charts the barriers between captivity and the wild: captivity or cultivation, survival, reproduction, and dispersal. Swarm ecology maps its four thresholds onto these stages, giving the passage from domestication to nature a measurable onset (Fig. 2). It also classes the July 2026 breach agents as escapees that did not survive outside captivity.

Cited in

both papers (Flagship: The threshold, Fig. 2; Companion §5, Box 3, Fig. 2)

Used for

Thresholds; R_m; Fig. 2; Box 3

Strand

Domestication, invasion & eradication · Biological invasions

Cite

@article{blackburn2011proposed,
  title = {A proposed unified framework for biological invasions},
  author = {Tim M. Blackburn and Petr Pyšek and Sven Bacher and James T. Carlton and Richard P. Duncan and Vojtěch Jarošík and John R. U. Wilson and David M. Richardson},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Trends in Ecology & Evolution},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023},
}