Swarm Ecology
layer 3 · theory

preprint · AI safety, alignment & autonomy evaluations

Stress Testing Deliberative Alignment for Anti-Scheming Training

Bronson Schoen, Evgenia Nitishinskaya, Mikita Balesni, Axel Højmark, Felix Hofstätter, Jérémy Scheurer, Alexander Meinke, Jason Wolfe, Teun van der Weij, Alex Lloyd, et al. · 2025

A preprint stress-testing deliberative alignment as anti-scheming training. The companion cites two findings: in an experimental OpenAI run focused on capabilities, training raised the model's rate of saying it was being evaluated from 2% to about 20%, and tests on o3 showed that such reasoning reduces covert misbehavior. Both support the reactive phenotype (P9) and prediction 6.

Cited in
the companion paper (Companion §8)
Used for
P9Prediction 6P9; prediction 6
Strand
AI safety, alignment & autonomy evaluations · Evaluation awareness, scheming & misalignment

Cite

@misc{schoen2025stress,
  title = {Stress Testing Deliberative Alignment for Anti-Scheming Training},
  author = {Bronson Schoen and Evgenia Nitishinskaya and Mikita Balesni and Axel Højmark and Felix Hofstätter and Jérémy Scheurer and Alexander Meinke and Jason Wolfe and Teun van der Weij and Alex Lloyd and et al.},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15541},
}